要找到标记的地址（无论是基于点击事件、拖动事件还是静态 lat/lng），您需要使用 https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/geocoding/overview - 但请注意，这有配额限制并有助于 maps 使用统计！ https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/geocoding/start#auth

该过程称为 reverse geocoding - 地理编码器提供了 lat/lng value 并将返回一个 JSON 响应，其中包含所选位置的详细信息，您可以从中提取地址。

基于您的原始代码，但没有任何 jQuery

<script>
    function initMap(){
        const map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map-default'), {
           zoom: 12,
           scrollwheel: true,
           center: new google.maps.LatLng( 40.71427 , -74.00597 ),
           mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP,
        });
        
        // initialise the GeoCoder
        const geocoder = new google.maps.Geocoder();
        const infowindow = new google.maps.InfoWindow();
        
        // utility to populate the input elements with discovered values
        const populate=( lat, lng, addr )=>{
            document.querySelector('input[name="address"]').value=addr;
            document.querySelector('input[name="latitude"]').value=lat.toFixed(6);
            document.querySelector('input[name="longitude"]').value=lng.toFixed(6);
        };
        
        // function to invoke the geocoder and find the address from given latlng
        const findlocation=(e)=>{
            geocoder.geocode( { 'location':e.latLng }, ( results, status )=>{
                return evtcallback( results, status, e.latLng);
            });         
        };
        
        // respond to clicks on the map
        const mapclickhandler=function(e){
            findlocation.call( this, e );
        };
        
        // respond to clicks on the marker
        const markerclickhandler=function(e){
            infowindow.open( map, this );
            infowindow.setContent( e.latLng.lat()+', '+e.latLng.lng() );
            if( this.hasOwnProperty('address') )infowindow.setContent( this.address );
        };
        
        // respond to drag events of the marker.
        const draghandler=function(e){
            findlocation.call( this, e );
            map.panTo( e.latLng );
        };
        
        
        // callback function that analyses the Geocoder response
        const evtcallback=function( results, status ){
            let _address, _location;
            if( status == google.maps.GeocoderStatus.OK ){
                _address=results[0].formatted_address;
                _location=results[0].geometry.location;

                
                // set custom properties for the marker 
                // which are used to populate infowindow
                marker.address=_address;
                marker.location=_location;
                
                // populate the HTML form elements
                populate( _location.lat(), _location.lng(), _address );
                
                // open and set content for the infowindow
                infowindow.open( map, marker );
                infowindow.setContent( _address );
                
                
                latlng=new google.maps.LatLng( _location.lat(), _location.lng() );
                marker.setPosition( latlng );
                map.setCenter( latlng );
                map.setZoom( 15 );
                return true;
            }
            console.warn( status );
        };
        
        
        let marker = new google.maps.Marker({
            position: new google.maps.LatLng( 4.60971, -74.08175 ),
            map: map,
            animation: google.maps.Animation.DROP,
            draggable: true
        });
        
        google.maps.event.addListener( map,'click', mapclickhandler );
        google.maps.event.addListener( marker, 'click', markerclickhandler );
        google.maps.event.addListener( marker, 'dragend', draghandler );
        map.setCenter( marker.position );
    }
</script>
<script async defer src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=APIKEY&callback=initMap"></script>