我有以下 xml 并且我想在每个 </subMenu> 之后插入一个 <separatorItem/> ，并且它后面有一个 <scriptItem/> 。
或者换句话说，您可以改写，因为我想在 xml 层次结构的每个级别插入一个 <separatorItem/> 在同一级别内包含更多元素的最后一个 <subMenu> 之后。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<mainMenu>
<menuBar>
<subMenu>
<label>Main</label>
<subMenu>
<label>Sub Menu</label>
<subMenu>
<label>Sub-Sub Menu</label>
<scriptItem>
<label>Email</label>
</scriptItem>
</subMenu>
<scriptItem>
<label>Manager</label>
</scriptItem>
</subMenu>
<subMenu>
<label>Dev</label>
<scriptItem>
<label>Dialog</label>
</scriptItem>
</subMenu>
<scriptItem>
<label>Sample</label>
</scriptItem>
<scriptItem>
<label>Home</label>
</scriptItem>
<scriptItem>
<label>Browser</label>
</scriptItem>
<scriptItem>
<label>Check</label>
</scriptItem>
<scriptItem>
<label>Open</label>
</scriptItem>
<scriptItem>
<label>Close</label>
</scriptItem>
</subMenu>
</menuBar>
</mainMenu>起始码
import os
import re
import sys
import logging
import xml.dom.minidom
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
fp = os.path.abspath('elementTree.xml')
tree = ET.parse(fp)
root = tree.getroot()
# insert separator after every subMenu that's followed by a scriptItem
# parent = None
# for el in root.iter():
# parent = root # find correct subMenu to place sep after
# sep = ET.SubElement(parent, 'separatorItem')
sep = ET.Element('separatorItem')
root.insert(1, sep)
xmlstr = ET.tostring(root, encoding='UTF-8', method="xml")
xmlObj = xml.dom.minidom.parseString(xmlstr)
xmlstr = xmlObj.toprettyxml(encoding='UTF-8')
menuFilepath = os.path.abspath('updated.xml')
with open(menuFilepath, 'wb') as output:
output.write(xmlstr)最终目标看起来像这样......
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<mainMenu>
<menuBar>
<subMenu>
<label>Main</label>
<subMenu>
<label>Sub Menu</label>
<subMenu>
<label>Sub-Sub Menu</label>
<scriptItem>
<label>Email</label>
</scriptItem>
</subMenu>
<separatorItem/> <!-- INSERTED !-->
<scriptItem>
<label>Manager</label>
</scriptItem>
</subMenu>
<subMenu>
<label>Dev</label>
<scriptItem>
<label>Dialog</label>
</scriptItem>
</subMenu>
<separatorItem/> <!-- INSERTED !-->
<scriptItem>
<label>Sample</label>
</scriptItem>
<scriptItem>
<label>Home</label>
</scriptItem>
<scriptItem>
<label>Browser</label>
</scriptItem>
<scriptItem>
<label>Check</label>
</scriptItem>
<scriptItem>
<label>Open</label>
</scriptItem>
<scriptItem>
<label>Close</label>
</scriptItem>
</subMenu>
</menuBar>
</mainMenu>回答1
我会改用 lxml，因为它有更好的 xpath 支持：
from lxml import etree as etree
menus = """[your xml above]"""
doc = etree.fromstring(menus.encode())
targets = doc.xpath('//subMenu[not(.//subMenu)][./scriptItem]')
for target in targets:
sep = etree.fromstring("""<separatorItem/>""".encode())
target.addnext(sep)
print(etree.tostring(doc).decode())输出应该是您要查找的内容。